Prospective Seminar Agenda - subject to change.
The seminars will include overviews of the chemistry and proper usage behind the industry standard lineup of French Creek Software programs.
PART 1 - THEORY
1) Overview
2) The Concept of Saturation
A) Solubility product
B) Solubility relationships for common scales
C) Solubility and simple indices
D) Thermodynamics versus kinetics (or when will it come out)
3) Simple Scale Indices
A) Langelier
B) Ryznar
C) Puckorius
D) Stiff-Davis
E) Shortcomings
F) Relationship to saturation level
G) Improving prediction reliability
4) Alkalinity
A) Correcting for non carbonate alkalinity
B) Does a system conserve alkalinity? Molar carbon?
C) How WaterCycle handles alkalinity
D) Choosing WaterCycle alkalinity to match the system
5) Ion Association Models
A) Free versus total ions
B) Distribution of species
C) Ion pairs used by WaterCycle
D) Practical impact of incomplete analyses upon saturation level calculations
6) Saturation Levels
A) Calcium carbonate. Calcite? Aragonite? Vaterite?
B) Calcium sulfate. Gypsum? Anhydrite?
C) Calcium phosphate. Tricalcium phosphate? Hydroxyapatite? Others?
D) Amorphous silica
E) Magnesium silicate. Stoichiometric?
F) Interpreting saturation levels. Driving force versus quantity. Why are some numbers so big (or so small)?
7) Momentary Excess
A) Calculations
B) Interpretation
C) Other uses
8) Predicting Corrosion
A) Larson-Skold (Larson’s ratio)
B) Psigan model
C) Davis model
PART 2 – PUTTING WaterCycle TO WORK
9) Installation and Setup Hints
A) Input units
B) Printers
C) Printer ports
D) Printing to file
10) Restoring and Saving Work Files
A) The default directory (\WATER\)
B) Storing on floppy disk or in other directories
C) I forgot what’s in the files
11) Once Through System Evaluation
A) Source analysis input
B) Input specs
C) Temperature profiles
D) pH profiles
E) 3D pH/temperature profiles
F) How WaterCycle varies pH/alkalinity
G) Should you conserve Ct? Alk? (or what does that box in the lower right hand corner really mean?)
H) Printing reports
I) Printing graphs
J) Exporting PCX graphic files
K) Printing in color
L) Future once-through options
12) Cooling Tower Evaluation
A) Makeup water input
B) System specs
a) Customizing to your region
b) What numbers should I use?
c) % evaporation
d) Leaks
e) Drift
f) Cycles
C) Predicting pH
a) Default curve
b) Custom pH/alkalinity curves
c) Should the makeup water pH equal the pH at 1.0 cycles?
d) Are more sophisticated models necessary?
e) Acid feed
D) How WaterCycle “concentrates” makeup water
a) Should you: conserve alkalinity? Total molar carbon?
b) Alkalinity/sulfate or alkalinity/cl changes due to pH control
c) Graph color coding
d) Setting the range for tables
E) Interpreting the WATER CHEMISTRY and DEPOSITION POTENTIAL tables.
a) Calcite saturation level -Calcite saturation 150 warning/action point -Calcite saturation 200 warning/action point -How high can you go?
b) Tricalcium phosphate · -What’s significant? · -Where do typical orthophosphate corrosion inhibitor programs run -How high a saturation level can copolymers handle? -Why are Ca3 (PO4) 2 momentary excess values so small?
c) Silica · -Modeling pH/temperature effects upon silica solubility · -Warning zones for Mg (OH) 2: Si02 · -Do silica inhibitors work?
d) Calcium sulfate saturation levels · -Should I watch gypsum? -Anhydrite?
F) 3D Profiles
a) Setting specs for the profiles
b) Printing in black and white
c) Color printing
d) Exporting as a PCX file
e) Showing the impact of SPC control limits
f) Exporting the Data Points to an ASCII file
G) Printing to file for later output PART 3 - BRINGING WaterCycle GRAPHS AND DATA INTO OTHER PROGRAMS
13) Bringing WaterCycle graphs and data into other programs
A) Printing PCX files fro Windows Paintbrush Accessory
B) Creating and printing multi graph pages in CorelDraw
a) Importing the files
b) Sizing and positioning
c) Annotating the graphs
C) Adding graphs to Microsoft Word documents
D) Producing 35 mm slides PART 4 - SYSTEM EVALUTIONS
14) Bring water chemistry and system specifications (please send in at least three weeks prior) for use as a workshop example.
PART 5 - MODELLING SCALE INHIBITORS
15) The concept of induction time
A) The molecular waiting room
a) Kinetics vs thermodynamics
B) The impact of phosphonates upon induction time
C) The impact of saturation level upon induction time
D) The impact of temperature upon induction time
16) Laboratory test methods
A) Static beaker tests
B) Constant composition tests
C) Pilot cooling systems
D) Relating laboratory tests to field systems
E) Notes on experimental design
17) Putting it all together – The models
A) Dosage = f (saturation level, temperature time)
B) Dosage = f (saturation level, temperature, pH, time)
C) Dealing with interfering substances (e.g. Fe)
18) Examples PART 6 MODELLING CORROSION RATES AND CORROSION INHIBITORS
19) Prior art for corrosion rate prediction
A) Simple indices as indicator
a) Larson Skold
b) Do calcium carbonate indices apply?
B) Psigan and Singley
C) Davis
D) Boffardi
20) The Zisson Data Model
A) Laboratory method
B) Parameter selection
C) The model
21) Adding inhibitors to the equation
A) Experience based data (the Water Treatment Company Manuals)
B) Laboratory data
C) The models
a) Dosage = f (water chemistry, target corrosion rate)
b) Corrosion rate = f (water chemistry, inhibitor dosage)
PART 7 - OPTIMIZING INHIBITOR BLENDS FOR A SPECIFIC WATER
22) How WaterCycle evaluates a water
A) Corrosion inhibitor
B) Problems caused by the inhibitor
C) Other scale forming species
23) Examples
A) The orthophosphate/copolymer/phosphonate blend
PART 8 - WORKSHOP
24) Optimize your own formulas
25) Develop your own models